概要：2)more 构成的其它短语，如：more and more （越来越……），more or less（或多或少，大约）。3. During these years many young students were angry with society, so songs were often full of anger.在那些岁月里，许多年轻学生对社会愤愤不平，因此，歌曲里往往充满怒气。1)句中anger是名词，作“生气”、“恼怒”解。angry是由anger派生出的形容词，词义相同，词类有别。类似的构词还有：hunger (n.)-hungry (adj.饥饿), flower(n.)-flowery(adj.如花的；多花的)4)be/get angry 生气。后面可跟不同的介词，如：be angry with sb. 生某人的气；be angry about/for sth. 因某事而生气。Dont be angry with me for my being late.不是因为我迟到了而生我的气。What are you angry about? 你为什么生气

2)more 构成的其它短语，如：

more and more （越来越……），more or less（或多或少，大约）。

3. During these years many young students were angry with society, so songs were often full of anger.在那些岁月里，许多年轻学生对社会愤愤不平，因此，歌曲里往往充满怒气。

1)句中anger是名词，作“生气”、“恼怒”解。

angry是由anger派生出的形容词，词义相同，词类有别。类似的构词还有：

hunger (n.)-hungry (adj.饥饿), flower(n.)-flowery(adj.如花的；多花的)

4)be/get angry 生气。后面可跟不同的介词，如：

be angry with sb. 生某人的气；be angry about/for sth. 因某事而生气。

Dont be angry with me for my being late.不是因为我迟到了而生我的气。

What are you angry about? 你为什么生气呢？

5. Singers do not just come from the States but from all over the world. 乡村音乐的歌手不仅来自美国，而且来自世界各地。

句中的just作“仅仅”解，“not just . . . but”相当于“not only . . . but also”，意思是“不仅……而且……”。

She is not just a student but a singer. 她不仅是学生，而且是歌手。

Lesson 44

1.but和however都可以作连词，也都作“但是”、“可是”

but连接两个并列的分句，上句和下句在总的意义上构成一个对比，but后的分句常常是上句意义的转折。

He would like to go, but he can’t. 他想去，但是不能去。

however 有“然而”、“尽管”。不能像but一样直接连接两个分句，必须另起新句，并用逗号分开。可以放在句首，也可以插在句子中间。

It’s raining hard. However, I think we should go out. 雨下得很大，不过（尽管如此）我想我们还是应该出去。

He hasn’t arrived. He may, however, come late. 他还没有到，不过他可能来得晚一点。

2. So far I haven’t had any success. However, I’ll keep trying. 到目前为止我还没有取得成功，不过我会继续试下去的。

so far作“到现在为止”同现在完成时连用。

We have not heard about 1500 English words. 到现在为止，我们已学过了1500个英语单词。

keep doing sth. 表示“继续干某事”的意思，强调动作的连续不断。

We must keep going forward. 我们必须不断前进。

语法知识：（过去完成时态）

A.      过去完成时的主要用法

　　过去完成时“助动词had + 动词的过去分词”，在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成的动作。可以用图表来表示这时间的概念：

When we arrived at the theatre, the play had already started. 句子中的When – clause的动作（arrive）发生在图中的过去一点时间上（Past），而主句的动作（start）发生在“过去的过去”，亦即在before这个时间点戏剧就已经开始了。上述句子的主句中之所以要用过去完成时态（had started），是因为从句中的动作（arrived）是发生在过去。下面再进一步说明一下：

表 示

例 句

一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束。

When I got to the but stop, the bus had gone.

我到达车站时，汽车已经开走了。

表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，这个动作可能停止，也可能继续。

I had worked for 5 years here before she came to our school.

她来我们学校之前我就在这儿工作五年了。

B.过去完成时与一般过去时的比较

时态

特征

例 句

一般过去时

1）过去发生的动作或存在的状态。

2）如果几个动作紧接着发生，用一般过去时。

1）Li Ming saw the film yesterday.

李明是昨天看的电影。

2）He cycled to town, parked his bike near a bookshop and entered. 他骑车进城，把车停放在一家书店旁，就进去了。

过去完成时

过去某时刻或某时候以前已完成的动作或状态（过去的过去）

Li Ming said he had seen the film the day before. 李明说他是前天看的电影。

若不按事情发生的前后顺序而是先讲发生在后的事情，发生在前的事情则用过去完成时。

By the time we got to the cinema, the film had begun.

等我们到达电影院，电影早已经开始了。

在有when, after, before, as soon as, until等连词的复合句中，如主句与从句谓语动作是在不同的时间发生的，先发生的用过去完成时，若两个动作紧接着发生，则主从句都可用一般过去时。

1）When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时，雨已经停了。

2）After I (had) finished my homework, I went to bed. 完作业后，我就睡觉了。

C．过去完成时常用于宾语从旬中或用来把含有一般过去时或现在完成时的直接引语变为间接引语。

　　She said to me, “I saw the film.” 她对我说：“我看过这部电影。”

　　She told me that she had seen the film.她告诉我她看过这部电影。

D．过去完成时用于虚拟语气中，主要出现在表示与过去事实相反的条件句和wish后的宾语从句中。如：

I wish I hadnt missed the train. 要是赶上了火车就好了。

语法练习：

1.He _____to the lab than he set out to do the experiment.

　　A.      has no sooner got　　B. no sooner got

　　B.      will no sooner got　　D. had no sooner got

2.They ask me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I _____a good drink.

　　A. had enjoyed　　B. was enjoying　　C. enjoyed　　D. had been enjoying

3.Helen_____her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____ home.

　　A. has left; comes　　B. left; had come

　　C. had left; came　　D. had left; could come

4.I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life____ so happy!

　　A. did I feel　　B. I felt　　C. I had felt　　D. had I felt

5.The students_____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _____ in the office.

　　A. had written; left　         B. were writing ; has left 

　　C. had written; had left         D. were writing; had left

答案：DACDD

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